Um estado do conhecimento: A interação entre docente, TILS e estudante surdo nas aulas de Física e suas implicações para o ensino-aprendizagem

This study investigated the dynamics among the physics teacher, the Sign Language Translator and Interpreter (TILS), and the deaf student, focusing on their interactions, difficulties, and potential within the school context. Because effective bilingual education that recognizes and prioritizes Libras as the first language of the deaf community remains absent, the TILS plays an essential role in the classroom and must coordinate with the physics teacher to promote inclusive educational processes. However, school practices revealed challenges that compromised this coordination. This qualitative and bibliographic research relied on a State of the Art review of Brazilian theses and dissertations addressing physics education from an inclusion perspective. The review sourced data from the repositories of the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations and the CAPES Catalog, covering the period from 2010 to 2024. The analysis, performed using Atlas.ti software, indicated a scarcity of signs and technical vocabulary in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) for Natural Sciences and Physics content. Furthermore, the results identified barriers such as a lack of knowledge regarding Deaf culture, unfamiliarity with Libras as a first language (L1), a poor understanding of the specific needs of deaf students, limited time for pedagogical planning between the TILS and teachers, and the heavy workload teachers face when planning inclusive lessons. These factors hindered effective inclusion, resulting in the physical presence of deaf students in the classroom without their active participation. Additionally, teachers and TILS exhibited insecurity, as their initial training often left them unprepared to work in inclusive settings. Consequently, continuing education policies must urgently promote inclusive pedagogical practices tailored to the linguistic and cultural specificities of the Deaf community.